Abstract
In irrigation and drainage structures, side weir is widely used for flow diversion from main to branch channels. Side weir is also used as a measuring device for discharge measurements, so discharge coefficient was mainly studied in many previous studies. Skew side weir was not taking a good highlight in previous studies and literature, so the present work discharge coefficient calculation for the skew side weir was adopted and studied. Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) and Gene Expression Programming (GEP) tools were used in the present study and compared with observed values of Cd. The mean absolute error for Cd observed and calculated in MLR and GEP was not exceeded 5%. The Cd values for skew side weir ranged from (0.65) to (0.85), while its values for straight vertical side from previous literature weir ranged from (0.45) to (0.65); this mean skew side weir can be used for increase in discharge diversion to the branch channel at the same water levels by 27%. The Akaike information criteria (AIC) with (AICs), root-mean-square error (RMSE), mean absolute relative error (MARE) and scatter index (SI) are used in this study for measuring the GEP model performance. From results, the GEP model has AIC = − 216.51, AICs = − 918.51, RMSE = 0.004653, MARE = 0.005234, R2 = 0.994 and SI = 0.006231 performed the best. According to previous results, the new equation presented through GEP can be adopted for discharge coefficient calculation in skew side weir.
Highlights
Side weirs are an overflow weir installed on the side of the main channel, which allows flow when water rises above the crest
The aim of this study is to estimate Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) equation and compare equation modeled from Gene Expression Programming (GEP) for coefficient of discharge calculation from skew side weir and compare these values with values of Cd estimated from the rectangular side weir
The comparison between the results of the GEP and MLR presented in this study as well as MLR
Summary
Side weirs are an overflow weir installed on the side of the main channel, which allows flow when water rises above the crest. This type of flow is considered as a spatially varied flow. The numerical analysis on inclined side weir was investigated by Ahmed (2011), Ahmed et al (2013) and Ahmed (2015). In the recent years GEP and learning machine were used to model of nonlinear problems of predicting discharge coefficient in side weir such as Isa et al (2015) and Reza et al (2020). The aim of this study is to estimate MLR equation and compare equation modeled from GEP for coefficient of discharge calculation from skew side weir and compare these values with values of Cd estimated from the rectangular side weir
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