Abstract
Climate change is not a myth. There is enough evidence to showcase the impact of climate change. Town planners and authorities are looking for potential models to predict the climatic factors in advance. Being an agricultural area in Saudi Arabia, Tabuk region gets greater interest in developing such a model to predict the atmospheric temperature.Therefore, this paper presents two different studies based on artificial neural networks (ANNs) and gene expression programming (GEP) to predict the atmospheric temperature in Tabuk. Atmospheric pressure, rainfall, relative humidity and wind speed are used as the input variables in the developed models. Multilayer perceptron neural network model (ANN model), which is high in precession in producing results, is selected for this study. The GEP model that is based on evolutionary algorithms also produces highly accurate results in nonlinear models. However, the results show that the GEP model outperforms the ANN model in predicting atmospheric temperature in Tabuk region. The developed GEP-based model can be used by the town and country planers and agricultural personals.Graphical abstract
Highlights
Climate change is an extremely important topic
In addition to the artificial neural networks (ANNs) model to predict the atmospheric temperature in Tabuk, we developed a gene expression programming (GEP) model
The observed atmospheric temperature data were compared to the predicted atmospheric temperature data from ANN model
Summary
Climate change is an extremely important topic. Modern climate change is heavily influenced by human activities (Karl and Trenberth 2003). Human activities that lead to emit various gases to atmosphere have increased the rate of climate change. Energy source-related emission is one of the largest factors to influence the climate change. The energy source emissions can even reach 80% of total greenhouse gas emissions (Quadrelli and Peterson 2007). Carbon dioxide (CO2) emission to the atmosphere has reached the highest level ever recorded in the recent decade. C O2 and some other gases contribute to the greenhouse effect and to climate change. Methane and ozone are few examples for these other gases (Karl and Trenberth 2003)
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