Gene Expression Profiling of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus by Bioinformatics Analysis.

Huijing Zhu,Xin Zhu,Fusong Jiang,Xingbo Cheng,Miao Chen,Yuhong Liu,Lin Cheng,Lei Chen

doi:10.1155/2020/9602016

Abstract

Objective The aim of this study was to identify the candidate genes in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and explore their potential mechanisms. Methods The gene expression profile GSE26168 was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The online tool GEO2R was used to obtain differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Gene Ontology (GO) term enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis were performed by using Metascape for annotation, visualization, and comprehensive discovery. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of DEGs was constructed by using Cytoscape software to find the candidate genes and key pathways. Results A total of 981 DEGs were found in T2DM, including 301 upregulated genes and 680 downregulated genes. GO analyses from Metascape revealed that DEGs were significantly enriched in cell differentiation, cell adhesion, intracellular signal transduction, and regulation of protein kinase activity. KEGG pathway analysis revealed that DEGs were mainly enriched in the cAMP signaling pathway, Rap1 signaling pathway, regulation of lipolysis in adipocytes, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, and so on. On the basis of the PPI network of the DEGs, the following 6 candidate genes were identified: PIK3R1, RAC1, GNG3, GNAI1, CDC42, and ITGB1. Conclusion Our data provide a comprehensive bioinformatics analysis of genes, functions, and pathways, which may be related to the pathogenesis of T2DM.

Highlights

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), a disease with significant morbidity, disability, and mortality, has affected increasing numbers of people worldwide
T2DM, which is characterized by hyperglycemia in the case of insulin resistance and impaired insulin secretion, is a multigene heterogeneous disease that is the result of the interaction of genetic and environmental factors [3]
As to the biological process (BP), differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were significantly enriched in cell morphogenesis involved in differentiation, chemotaxis, and regulation of cell adhesion (Figure 2(a))

Summary

Introduction

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), a disease with significant morbidity, disability, and mortality, has affected increasing numbers of people worldwide. Diabetes is a chronic disease that often causes various complications, in terms of financial burden, the cost of diabetes is 2-4 times more than that of the average patient in all medical systems [2]. Detection and diagnosis of diabetes to prevent diabetes-associated complications and to reduce the economic costs on medical care are of significant importance. T2DM, which is characterized by hyperglycemia in the case of insulin resistance and impaired insulin secretion, is a multigene heterogeneous disease that is the result of the interaction of genetic and environmental factors [3]. Genetic factors play an important role in the occurrence and development of T2DM, the elaboration of its exact mechanism depends on the identification of susceptibility genes for T2DM

Methods

Results

Discussion

Conclusion