Abstract
BackgroundAmong the different tobacco products that are available on the US market, cigarette smoking is shown to be the most harmful and the effects of cigarette smoking have been well studied. US epidemiological studies indicate that non-combustible tobacco products are less harmful than smoking and yet very limited biological and mechanistic information is available on the effects of these alternative tobacco products. For the first time, we characterized gene expression profiling in PBMCs from moist snuff consumers (MSC), compared with that from consumers of cigarettes (SMK) and non-tobacco consumers (NTC).ResultsMicroarray analysis identified 100 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the SMK and NTC groups and 46 DEGs between SMK and MSC groups. However, we found no significant differences in gene expression between MSC and NTC. Both hierarchical clustering and principle component analysis revealed that MSC and NTC expression profiles were more similar than to SMK. Random forest classification identified a subset of DEGs which predicted SMK from either NTC or MSC with high accuracy (AUC 0.98).ConclusionsPMBC gene expression profiles of NTC and MSC are similar to each other, while SMK exhibit distinct profiles with alterations in immune related pathways. In addition to discovering several biomarkers, these studies support further understanding of the biological effects of different tobacco products.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov. Identifier: NCT01923402. Date of Registration: August 14, 2013. Study was retrospectively registered.
Highlights
Among the different tobacco products that are available on the US market, cigarette smoking is shown to be the most harmful and the effects of cigarette smoking have been well studied
In our continuing efforts to further characterize the physiological changes in long-term smokers and moist snuff consumers, and to identify potential biomarkers of effect (BioEff) we have investigated global gene expression changes in the tobacco consumers in the biomarker discovery study cohorts (i.e., smoker cohort (SMK), MSC and non-tobacco consumers (NTC))
Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) populations in tobacco consumers In an effort to understand how consumption of combustible and non-combustible tobacco products impacts gene expression in PBMCs, we first examined if there were differences in PBMC levels between the three study groups
Summary
Among the different tobacco products that are available on the US market, cigarette smoking is shown to be the most harmful and the effects of cigarette smoking have been well studied. US epidemiological studies indicate that non-combustible tobacco products are less harmful than smoking and yet very limited biological and mechanistic information is available on the effects of these alternative tobacco products. Consumption of STPs may be associated with an increased risk for oral and other cancers as well as Arimilli et al BMC Genomics (2017) 18:156 increased risk of mortality from ischemic heart diseases, depending on the type of product usage [9]. Existing US epidemiological data suggests moist snuff consumption is generally associated with reduced health risks, relative to smoking, risk for certain CVD mortality is elevated compared to non-consumers of tobacco [9, 11]
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