Abstract
Although organophosphorus pesticides (OP) share a common mode of action, there is increased awareness that they elicit a diverse range of gene expression responses. As yet however, there is no clear understanding of these responses and how they interact with ambient environmental conditions. In the present study, we investigated genome-wide gene expression profiles in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans exposed to two OP, chlorpyrifos and diazinon, in single and combined treatments at different temperatures. Our results show that chlorpyrifos and diazinon induced expression of different genes and that temperature affected the response of detoxification genes to the pesticides. The analysis of transcriptional responses to a combination of chlorpyrifos and diazinon shows interactions between toxicants that affect gene expression. Furthermore, our combined analysis of the transcriptional responses to OP at different temperatures suggests that the combination of OP and high temperatures affect detoxification genes and modified the toxic levels of the pesticides.
Highlights
Organophosphorus pesticides (OP) are widely used to eliminate domestic and agricultural pests
The effect of temperature treatment was studied by comparing the expression profiles from worms treated with CPF, DZN and a low dose mixture of both at 24uC to the expression profiles from worms treated with identical toxicant concentrations and rearing treatments at 16uC [28]
The gene expression and Gene Ontology (GO) term analysis at 16uC was based on Rank Products method which does not identify the effect of toxicant-temperature interactions
Summary
Organophosphorus pesticides (OP) are widely used to eliminate domestic and agricultural pests. Due to this common use, humans and many other organisms are often exposed to combinations of different pesticides. Treatments of pesticide combinations induce specific gene transcription responses compared to the single treatments [5,6]. Toxicants with a similar mode-of-action can induce a different molecular response and their combination may affect the toxic response. Toxicity studies of interactions between chemicals are numerous in literature [7,8,9,10], but studies of gene transcriptional responses are quite limited. Very low temperatures do not show significant interactions with pesticides like abamectin and carbendazim in earthworms [13]
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