Abstract
Most structural gene sequences in mammalian cells represent less than one millionth of the information contained in the genomic DNA. Because of this enormous complexity of genetic information in higher organisms, an understanding of the mechanisms regulating gene expression requires the study of specific genes. Fortunately, considerable progress has been made in the last decade in the development of techniques for the isolation of individual eukaryotic messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and the synthesis of their complementary DNA copies (cDNAs) (for a general review, see Rosen and Monahan(1)). These molecular hybridization probes have been utilized successfully to study gene expression in a number of model systems, notably the control of globin gene expression during erythroid differentiation(2) and steroid hormone induction of ovalbumin mRNA(3) and the other egg-white protein mRNAs(4) in the chick oviduct. These studies have recently been culminated by the determination of the entire nucleic acid sequence of the rabbit s-globin mRNA.(5) However, the precise mechanism controlling the expression of any single eukaryotic gene remains to be established.
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