Abstract
BackgroundThe brown planthopper (BPH; Nilaparvata lugens Stål) is a destructive piercing-sucking insect pest of rice. The plant hormones salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) play important roles in plant–pest interactions. Many isolated rice genes that modulate BPH resistance are involved in the metabolism or signaling pathways of SA, JA and ethylene. ‘Rathu Heenati’ (RH) is a rice cultivar with a high-level, broad-spectrum resistance to all BPH biotypes. Here, RH was used as the research material, while a BPH-susceptible rice cultivar ‘Taichung Native 1’ (TN1) was the control. A cDNA microarray analysis illuminated the resistance response at the genome level of RH under BPH infestation. The levels of SA and JA in RH and TN1 seedlings after BPH infestation were also determined.ResultsThe expression pattern clustering indicated that 1467 differential probe sets may be associated with constitutive resistance and 67 with the BPH infestation-responsive resistance of RH. A Venn diagram analysis revealed 192 RH-specific and BPH-inducible probe sets. Finally, 23 BPH resistance-related gene candidates were selected based on the expression pattern clustering and Venn diagram analysis. In RH, the SA content significantly increased and the JA content significantly decreased after BPH infestation, with the former occurring prior to the latter. In RH, the differential genes in the SA pathway were synthesis-related and were up-regulated after BPH infestation. The differential genes in the JA pathway were also up-regulated. They were jasmonate ZIM-domain transcription factors, which are important negative regulators of the JA pathway. Comparatively, genes involved in the ET pathway were less affected by a BPH infestation in RH. DNA sequence analysis revealed that most BPH infestation-inducible genes may be regulated by the genetic background in a trans-acting manner, instead of by their promoters.ConclusionsWe profiled the analysis of the global gene expression in RH and TN1 under BPH infestation, together with changes in the SA and JA levels. SA plays a leading role in the resistance response of rice to BPH. Our results will aid in understanding the molecular basis of RH’s BPH resistance and facilitate the identification of new resistance-related genes for breeding BPH-resistant rice varieties.
Highlights
The brown planthopper (BPH; Nilaparvata lugens Stål) is a destructive piercing-sucking insect pest of rice
We identified 106 differential genes between Rathu Heenati’ (RH) and Taichung Native 1’ (TN1) that were located within the four BPH-resistance Quantitative trait locus (QTL) regions (Additional file 6), and 14 of them are likely to be associated with the BPH resistance according to their functional annotations (Table 2)
Expression pattern clustering of differential probe sets demonstrated that 1467 differential probe sets (Groups p and k) may be associated with the constitutive resistance of RH and 67 (Groups a and m) with the BPH infestationresponsive resistance
Summary
The brown planthopper (BPH; Nilaparvata lugens Stål) is a destructive piercing-sucking insect pest of rice. ‘Rathu Heenati’ (RH) is a rice cultivar with a high-level, broad-spectrum resistance to all BPH biotypes. A cDNA microarray analysis illuminated the resistance response at the genome level of RH under BPH infestation. The levels of SA and JA in RH and TN1 seedlings after BPH infestation were determined. Rice brown planthopper (BPH; Nilaparvata lugens Stål), which sucks sap from the plant’s phloem, is highly destructive [2]. The chromosomal locations of 21 have been determined, and 12 have been fine-mapped Most of these BPH-resistance genes were identified from wild rice, few from indica rice and none from japonica rice [5,6,7]
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