Gene expression analysis of bromine-induced burns in porcine skin

Abstract

Bromine is an industrial chemical that is irritating to the skin and causes cutaneous burns. An important factor in selecting or developing an effective treatment is to understand the underlying molecular mechanisms of tissue damage and wound healing. This study used a weanling swine burn model and microarray analysis to evaluate the effect of exposure length and sampling times on the transcriptional changes in response to cutaneous bromine injury. Ventral abdominal sites ( N = 4/treatment group) were exposed to 600 μL undiluted bromine for 45 s or 8 min. At 24 h and 7 d post-exposure, total RNA from skin samples was isolated, processed, and hybridized to Affymetrix GeneChip ® Porcine Genome Arrays. Expression analysis revealed that bromine exposure duration appeared to have less effect on the transcript changes than the sampling time. The percent transcripts changed at 24 h were similar (30%) whether having a 45 s or 8 min bromine exposure; percent transcripts changed at 7 d were also similar (62%) regardless of exposure length. However, only 13–14% of the transcripts were similar when comparing samples analyzed at 24 h and 7 d. Ingenuity Pathways Analysis (IPA) revealed six common biological functions among the top 10 functions of each experimental group, while canonical pathway analysis revealed 11 genes that were commonly shared among 24 significantly altered signaling pathways. Additionally, there were 11 signaling pathways in which there were no commonly shared transcripts. The present study is an initial assessment of the transcriptional responses to cutaneous bromine exposure identifying molecular networks and genes that could serve as targets for developing therapeutics for bromine-induced skin injury.