Abstract
IntroductionType 2 diabetes (T2D) is multifactorial involving lifestyle, environmental and genetic risk factors. This study aims to investigate the impact of genetic interactions with alcohol and diet quality on glycated haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) independent of obesity, in a British population.MethodsCross‐sectional study of 14 089 white British participants from Airwave Health Monitoring Study and a subsample of 3733 participants with dietary data. A T2D genetic risk score (GRS) was constructed, and its interactions with diet on HbA1c were assessed.ResultsGRS was associated with a higher HbA1c% (β = 0.03, P < 0.0001) and a higher risk of prediabetes (OR = 1.09, P < 0.0001) and T2D (OR = 1.14, P = 0.006). The genetic effect on HbA1c% was significantly higher in obese participants (β = 1.88, P interaction = 0.03). A high intake of wholegrain attenuated the effect on HbA1c% in high‐risk individuals P interaction = 0.04.ConclusionThe genetic effect on HbA1c was almost doubled in obese individuals, compared with those with a healthy weight, and independent of weight, there was a modest offset on HbA1c in high‐genetic‐risk individuals consuming a diet high in wholegrain. This supports the importance of a healthy diet high in wholegrains and along with maintaining a healthy weight in controlling HbA1c among high‐genetic‐risk groups.
Highlights
We observed a greater effect of genetic risk score (GRS) on haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) among obese participants (BMI
Well‐characterized occupational cohort, we found, among individuals of European ancestry at genetically high risk of diabetes, that consuming a high‐quality diet and high wholegrain intake was as‐ sociated with a beneficial modification of the genetic risk
The same study reported a reduced effect of Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) rs10423928 (GIPR gene) on Type 2 diabetes (T2D) incidence in individuals who had the highest intake of carbohydrate (OR = 1.23, 95% confident inter‐ (CI): 5%‐39%) compared to those with the lowest carbohydrate intake (OR = 1.69, 95% CI: 29%‐86%)
Summary
Worldwide over 382 million people are estimated to have type 2 di‐ abetes (T2D).[1]. People with T2D have a fivefold risk in developing cardiovascular disease (CVD) and are 1.6 times more likely to die prematurely, compared with those without T2D.2 Early intervention at the critical stage, prediabetes may halt the development of T2D and further reduce the risk of CVD and related premature mortality worldwide.[1]. SNPs are combined into genetic risk scores Lifestyle factors such as diet, alcohol and weight are modifiable key components in the development of T2D.2. Response to diet is variable, emerging evidence suggests that these lifestyle factors may modify the genetic effect on development of T2D.9-11. The aim of the study is to investigate associations between the combined effect of genetic variants and HbA1c among a white British population group, and if these associations are modified by interactions with lifestyle factors including diet quality (dietary pro‐ filing) and alcohol independent of obesity markers; body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
