Abstract
A gene is the basic unit of inheritance. It is a segment of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) that contains instructions for a trait or function. The transmission of genes from one generation to the next is the mechanism by which phenotypic traits are inherited. An allele is an alternate form of a gene. Alleles occur in pairs, with one inherited from each parent. Many genes code for traits that are of interest to researchers in the field of biological anthropology, including the ABO blood group system and the sickle cell trait. Most human traits are complex, meaning they are the product of multiple genetic and environmental factors.
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