Gender-stratified analysis of psychosocial factors and physical function in higher education students with musculoskeletal pain

Abstract

Purpose To evaluate the prevalence of psychosocial factors in higher education students with musculoskeletal pain and whether these factors are associated with physical function. Materials and methods Participants were higher education students with musculoskeletal pain. The data were collected using questionnaires: the Patient-Specific Functional Scale, the Short Form of the Örebro Musculoskeletal Pain Screening Questionnaire (ÖMPSQ-SF) and the Mental Health Index (MHI-5). The associations were analysed using a generalised linear model, adjusted for the region of Finnish Student Health Service in Finland, age, level of education and field of study. Results A total of 242 women and 104 men (N = 346, mean age 28 ± 8 years) participated in the study. The prevalence of psychosocial factors varied from 16% to 25% among women and 14% to 18% among men, depending on the measurement tool used. Psychosocial factors were associated with lower physical function in women (p = .011) and men (p < .001) when measured with ÖMPSQ-SF, but not with MHI-5. Conclusions Psychosocial factors are prevalent among higher education students experiencing musculoskeletal pain. Furthermore, psychosocial factors exhibit an association with lower physical function when assessed using the ÖMPSQ-SF but not when using the MHI-5. These findings emphasise the importance of addressing psychosocial factors through screening in direct access physiotherapy.