Abstract
Understanding gender differences in health-related behaviors and their impacts is a crucial aspect of effective primary care. We studied gender-based differences in predictors of metabolic syndrome (MetS) resolution among newly diagnosed MetS patients. This study was a secondary analysis of a prospective clinical trial study comprising of 637 middle-aged and older adults (226 men and 411 women) who underwent a regular health checkup and were newly diagnosed with MetS at 16 different health clinics of 14 metropolitan cities and provinces. We conducted Cox proportional hazard analysis to estimate cumulative probability of MetS resolution within a 12‐month observation period. Among the 637 patients, 47.6% of participants achieved MetS resolution. The resolution rate was similar among men and women (44.7% and 49.1%, respectively, P = 0.320). Low household income (Hazard ratio = 2.62, 95% confidence interval: 1.13–6.08) and current employment (2.29, 1.26–4.13) were associated with a higher cumulative probability of MetS resolution in men than in women. For women, however, longer sleeping hours (1.18, 1.04–1.34) and living with a partner (1.58, 1.06–2.35) were positive predictors of MetS resolution. Being overweight (0.63, 0.44–0.89) was associated with lower cumulative probability of MetS resolution in women than in men. The factors associated with cumulative probability of MetS resolution within the 12-month follow-up were different between men and women. These findings facilitate further exploration on gender-based differences in risk factors for less optimal improvements in MetS.
Highlights
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a clinical condition characterized by a cluster of abnormalities including: hyperglycemia, hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia, reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and central adiposity [1]
The presence of at least three of the five diagnostic criteria is defined as MetS [2].Metabolic syndrome becomes a global epidemic with the rise in obesity [3]
In order to understand specific contexts and experiences, we explored gender-based differences in factors associated with cumulative probability of MetS resolution among newly diagnosed patients
Summary
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a clinical condition characterized by a cluster of abnormalities including: hyperglycemia, hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia, reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and central adiposity [1]. The presence of at least three of the five diagnostic criteria is defined as MetS [2].Metabolic syndrome becomes a global epidemic with the rise in obesity [3]. Gender-differences in predictors for time to resolution of metabolic syndrome. MetS occur more frequently in women than in men. In United States, the prevalence of MetS is 36.6% in women and 32.8% in men [4]. The prevalence of obesity is greater in African American and Hispanic women than in non-Hispanic whites, suggesting that biological gender and ethnicity play a role in the development of metabolic diseases [5,6,7]. The gender difference is generally observed in midlife [11]. Considering the increasing risk of cardiovascular disease in postmenopausal women, improving the metabolic profile in women with MetS is crucial for reducing mortality and long-term morbidities
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