Abstract
This study investigated gender differences in the perceived “pros” and “cons” of smoking using the constructs of decisional balance (DB) and stage of change from the Transtheoretical Model. The population distribution for stage of change among a population-based, cross-sectional survey of 155 current smokers over 40 years was: precontemplation (22.6%), contemplation (41.9%), preparation (35.5%). Results of stepwise regression models indicated significant gender differences in DB were in the preparation stage of change; scores on the DB measure increased 3.94 points (95% CI: 1.94, 5.93) for male smokers. Interventions targeting the “pros” and “cons” of smoking may need to be gender specific.
Highlights
Cigarette smoking is the major risk factor for the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), the 5th leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States [1]
Results from the Burden of Lung Disease (BOLD) global initiative estimate the prevalence of COPD among long-time, heavy smokers to be 22% in men and over 29% in women in the eastern region of the state [5]
The relationship between scores on the Decisional Balance (DB) “cons” subscale and gender was moderated by stage of change as there were significant gender differences in aggregate DB scores in only the preparation stage of change (F (3, 51) = 14.11; p
Summary
Cigarette smoking is the major risk factor for the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), the 5th leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States [1]. The percentage of females who smoke in Kentucky has increased steadily in the past three years [4]. Results from the Burden of Lung Disease (BOLD) global initiative estimate the prevalence of COPD among long-time, heavy smokers to be 22% in men and over 29% in women in the eastern region of the state [5]. Successful smoking cessation can stop the accelerated decline of lung function associated with COPD within 5 years [6, 7]. Lung function improves within the first year of cessation [7], and evidence suggests that women gain a greater percentage of lung function back than men [8]. Self-efficacy is defined as the temptation to perform a behavior and the situation-specific confidence to refrain from the behavior [12, 13]
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