Abstract
Individual gender types were identified using the Bem Sex Role Inventory. A total of 70 patients with panic disorder (PD) and 50 healthy subjects (controls) were studied. In the control group, one in five (22%) of subjects had masculine characteristics, while among patients with PD, the masculine subgroup constituted a very small proportion (4.3%); p = 0.0002. Relationships were found between the low proportion of masculine characteristics (fewer than 10 characteristics) and the development of agoraphobia in PD and a progressive course of PD with inadequate responses to treatment and severe social maladaptation. The results lead to the conclusion that insufficient masculinization is a very characteristic personality feature of patients with PD and is a predisposing factor for the formation of avoidance behavior.
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