Abstract
<p>The objectives of this study are described as follows: (1) To examine the conditions of<br />social, economic and demographic characteristics of poor farmer families who live at<br />uplands and lowlands areas, (2) to describe the social-cultural and agroecosystem<br />conditions of poor farmer families who live at uplands and lowlands areas, (3) To<br />explain type of gender relations of poor farmer families who live at uplands and<br />lowlands areas, and (4) to analyze factors that influenced subjective family well-being<br />of poor farmer families who live at uplands and lowlands areas. The chosen research<br />sites were Nanggung Sub-district, Bogor District as an upland area, and West Teluk<br />Jambe Sub-district, Karawang District, West Java Province as a lowland area. The total<br />of 189 farmer families was used for this study (n= 90 in uplands district areas, and n=<br />99 in lowlands district areas). It was found that the conditions of social-cultural and<br />agroecosystem differ between upland and lowland areas. In general, both upland and<br />lowland areas gender roles on farming activities, in terms of access and control to<br />agricultural resources, were dominated by men. Family well-being was directly<br />influenced by higher education of husband and wife, indirectly influenced by less<br />economic pressure of the family, directly influenced by higher gender relations between<br />husband and wife, and directly influenced by less or higher external support. Thus,<br />wealthy farmer families were the family that had educated husband and wife, less<br />economic pressures, equal gender relations and partnerships, and less or more receive<br />external supports. It is recommended that the next study should add variables of family<br />coping strategies related to family economic pressure and gender roles between husband<br />and wife.</p>
Highlights
Indonesia is an archipelago country located in South Asia and lies on the ring of fire between Asia and Australia, and between the Pacific and Indian Oceans
The purpose of this study was to examine the conditions of poor farmer families concerning social and economic characteristics, gender relations, and subjective family well-being between farmer families who live at uplands and lowlands areas in West Java Province, Indonesia
The objectives of this study are described as follows: 1) To examine the conditions of social, economic and demographic characteristics of poor farmer families who live at uplands and lowlands areas; 2) To describe the social-cultural and agroecosystem conditions of poor farmer families who live at uplands and lowlands areas; 3) To explain the type of gender relations are demonstrated by poor farmer families who live at uplands and lowlands areas; 4) To analyze factors influenced subjective family well-being of poor farmer families who live at uplands and lowlands areas
Summary
Indonesia is an archipelago country located in South Asia and lies on the ring of fire between Asia and Australia, and between the Pacific and Indian Oceans. The country has experienced a global economic crisis since 1997. This crisis has affected many aspects of life, socially and economically. Another crisis faced in Indonesia including poverty and natural disasters (include volcanic issue). Poverty alleviation programs have not thoroughly accommodated in rural communities' local agroecological knowledge, that could lead to agricultural potential. Indonesia has the potential to advance in the area of agricultural production which could help solve the poverty crisis through strengthened food security and food sovereignty. Indonesian Women in rural area have participated in the agricultural sector (61 %). 60 percent of the country’s cultivated land is found at Java Island which has the highest poverty rate
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