Abstract
Women in Japan face difficulties balancing work and personal life due to the gender division of labor, and medical professions are no exception. The purpose of this study was to investigate if the gender division of labor affects the intention to leave the workplace among the nursing profession. Among 328 female nurses working for three university-affiliated hospitals in Tokyo, Japan, above 70% were in their 20s and 30s and single, and agreed with the gender division of labor that men should be the breadwinner and women should assume family responsibilities. Adjusting for three types of Copenhagen burnout inventory, stepwise multivariable logistic regression models identified that being younger (all p-values < 0.05), each domain of burnout score (each p < 0.001 for work-, personal-, and client-related burnout) increased a risk of intention to leave, and high support decreased the risk (all p < 0.001). Women who agreed with the gender division of labor were more likely to have intentions to leave (p = 0.003 but this association disappeared when adjusted. The findings of study demonstrate that perceptions toward gender division of labor are not a determinant of intention to leave the workplace but the young nurses and those who scored high on burnout were the most vulnerable population.
Highlights
The retention of newly certified nurses is important for organizations in terms of cost and time commitment for human resources management [1]
Burnout scores of all three domains and proportions of Job Contents Questionnaire (JCQ) support and intention to leave were highest in group of 20-year-olds, more than half (56.8%) of women in their 20s received high support
We found that perceptions on the gender division of labor and work-family conflict were not associated with intention to leave a workplace among female nurses in this university setting
Summary
The retention of newly certified nurses is important for organizations in terms of cost and time commitment for human resources management [1]. Health care facilities invest thousands of dollars in recruiting and training nurses [2,3]. There is an international crisis, as newly graduated nurses are leaving their first place of employment within their first year, having enormous financial. Res. Public Health 2019, 16, 2201; doi:10.3390/ijerph16122201 www.mdpi.com/journal/ijerph
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