Gender differences in the prospective association between maternal alcohol consumption trajectories and young adult offspring's problem gambling at 30years.

Nam T Tran,Jake M Najman,Gail Williams,Alexandra Clavarino

doi:10.1186/s40405-016-0010-3

Abstract

Although a large number of studies have examined the association between young adult’s alcohol consumption and their problem gambling behaviours, none of these studies address the prospective association between mother’s alcohol consumption and their young adult offspring’s problem gambling behaviours. Using data from a 30 year prospective pre-birth cohort study in Brisbane, Australia (n = 1691), our study examines whether different maternal alcohol consumption trajectories predict offspring’s risk of problem gambling behaviours and whether these associations differ by the young adults’ gender. Offspring’s level of problem gambling behaviours was assessed by the short version of the Canadian Problem Gambling Index, with about 10.6 % of young adults having some risk of problem gambling behaviours. Trajectories of maternal alcohol consumption were determined by group-based trajectory modelling over five time points. Our study found that mother’s alcohol consumption pattern fits into three drinking trajectory groups, namely abstainers (17.2 %), a low-stable drinkers group (64.6 %) and a moderate-escalating drinkers group (18.2 %). Multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that the moderate-escalating alcohol trajectory group is independently associated with a risk of their male young adult offspring having problem gambling behaviours at 30 years—even after adjustment for a range of potential confounding variables. Mothers who exhibit a persistent life course pattern of moderate-escalating drinking have male children who have a high risk of engaging in problem gambling behaviours. Offspring’s alcohol consumption partially mediated the association between maternal drinking trajectories and young adult’s risk of problem behaviours. High levels of maternal alcohol consumption may lead to male offspring antisocial behaviours. Programs intended to address problem gambling behaviours by young adults may need to focus on male group with a focus which specifically addresses family influences as these contribute to gambling behaviour.

Highlights

Between 5.3 and 12.1 % of Australian adults are estimated to manifest behaviours associated with problem gambling (Acil Allen Consulting 2014; QDJAG 2012; Billi et al 2014; The Social Research Centre 2013; Davidson and Rodgers 2010; Sproston et al 2012)
Bivariate results from logistic regression analysis show that the maternal moderate-escalating group is associated with their young adult’s risk of problem gambling behaviours, while the low-stable group is not related to any risk of problem gambling behaviours
We found that a maternal trajectory of moderate-escalating alcohol consumption over 21 years is independently associated with a risk of their young adult offspring having problem gambling behaviours at 30 years—even after adjustment for a range of potential confounding variables, with the exception of alcohol use by offspring

Summary

Introduction

Between 5.3 and 12.1 % of Australian adults are estimated to manifest behaviours associated with problem gambling (Acil Allen Consulting 2014; QDJAG 2012; Billi et al 2014; The Social Research Centre 2013; Davidson and Rodgers 2010; Sproston et al 2012). These proportions are generally consistent with figures reported for other countries such as the United States, Canada, Sweden, and the United Kingdom (Abbott et al 2014; Orford et al 2012; Wardle et al 2011; Williams et al 2012). We have previously found that those who started their drinking alcohol before age 15 years were more likely to be gamblers than those who did not drink (Hayatbakhsh et al 2013)

Methods

Results

Discussion

Conclusion