Abstract
A male Drosophila model of locomotor deficit induced by chronic pentylenetetrazole (PTZ), a proconvulsant used to model epileptogenesis in rodents, has recently been described. Antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) ameliorate development of this behavioral abnormality. Time-series of microarray profiling of heads of male flies treated with PTZ has shown epileptogenesis-like transcriptomic perturbation in the fly model. Gender differences are known to exist in neurological and psychiatric conditions including epileptogenesis. We describe here the effects of chronic PTZ in Drosophila females, and compare the results with the male model. As in males, chronic PTZ was found to cause a decreased climbing speed in females. In males, overrepresentation of Wnt, MAPK, TGF-beta, JAK-STAT, Cell communication, and Dorso-Ventral axis formation pathways in downregulated genes was previously described. Of these, female genes showed enrichment only for Dorso-Ventral axis formation. Surprisingly, the ribosomal pathway was uniquely overrepresented in genes downregulated in females. Gender differences thus exist in the Drosophila model. Gender neutral, the developmental pathway Dorso-Ventral axis formation may be considered as the candidate causal pathway in chronic pentylenetetrazole induced behavioral deficit. Prior evidence of developmental mechanisms in epileptogenesis may support potential usefulness of the fly model. Given this, gender specific pathways identified here may provide a lead for further understanding brain dimorphism in neuropsychiatric disorders.
Highlights
The prevalence and course of various neurological and psychiatric disorders are known to differ between the sexes [1,2]
Our results show that gender differences do exist in the Drosophila model at transcriptomic level
Considering similar behavioral effect of PTZ, the gender neutral Dorso-Ventral axis formation may be considered as the pathway causally associated with development of behavioral deficit caused by the chemoconvulsant
Summary
The prevalence and course of various neurological and psychiatric disorders are known to differ between the sexes [1,2]. Dimorphic CNS structure and function are known in animals as well [3]. The gender-specific differences have been observed at various levels including gene expression, metabolism and cell division [4,5]. Sex-specific differences in brain metabolism have been observed in epileptic patients [4]. Seizures have been found to cause gender-specific effect on cell proliferation and survival in rats [5]. Differences in patterns of gene expression have been suggested as one of the contributing factor in sexual dimorphism in neuropsychiatric disorders [6]
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