Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to investigate the gender effect on the clinic, radiological, and microbiological features in adult non-cystic fibrosis (CF) bronchiectasis (BR).
 Material and Methods:This was a cross-sectional study of 217 patients with adult non-CF BR. Patients with a confirmed diagnosis of bronchiectasis with high resolution computed tomography were investigated. Patients were clinically stable in the previous four weeks enrolled in the study. Symptoms, pulmonary function tests, radiological findings, microbiological results, and bronchiectasis severity index (BSI) were recorded.
 Results: The mean age of patients was 49.7 (15.3) years (range 18-82). Fouty-one percent patients had smoking history. BR patients had a history of pneumonia sequel (47.9%), post-tuberculosis (33.6%) and idiopathic (15.7%). Patients divided in to 2 groups as group I (female, n=122 (56.2%)) and group II (male, n=95 (43.8%)). There were a differences in cough (84.4% vs 71.6%, p=0.029), smoking history (19.7% vs 75.9 %,p=0.001), COPD (4.1% vs 37.9%, p=0.001), diabetes mellitus (21.3% vs 9.5%, p=0.025), depression history(36.1% vs 10.6%, p=0.001), panic disorders (10.7% vs 3.2%, p=0.039), long term oxygen usage (6.6% vs 17.9%,p=0.017). Forty-two percent of male BR patients had post-tuberculosis history, fifty-six female had post-pneumonia history, also. FEV1 and FVC value were higher in man (1.5±0.7 vs 1.9±0.9,p= 0.001; 1.9±0.7 vs 2.7±1.0, p=0.0001 respectively). And also, FEV1/FVC ratio was lower in male (73.8±12.3 vs 67.8±15.3, p=0.01). But, There was no difference between gender and age, dyspnea, heamoptysis, BSI category, radiologic severity using Reiff’s score, microbiological features and BPAP usage.
 Conclusion: We concluded that gender differences in non-CF BR might be clinically important in our study population. It is important to consider the gender differences might be effect symptoms, comorbidity, and pulmonary function test results to non-CF BR patients.
Highlights
Previous studies reported that chronic respiratory disease such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), lung cancer might represent somewhat difference in clinical picture between female and male patients [1,2]
This cross-sectional study was conducted between 1 January 2017 and 31 December 2018 in adult non-cystic fibrosis BR patients in a Yedikule Chest Disease and Thoracic Surgery Training and Research Hospital
The radiological severity of high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) abnormalities was scored by using the modified Reiff’s score, which evaluates the number of lobes involved [7]
Summary
This study aimed to investigate the gender effect on the clin-ic, radiological, and microbiological features in adult non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis. Pul-monary function tests, radiological findings, microbiological results, and bronchiectasis severity index (BSI) were recorded. BR patients had a history of pneumonia sequel (47.9%), post-tuberculosis (33.6%) and idiopathic (15.7%). Patients divided into gender groups: females in group I, n=122 (56.2%)) and males in group II, n=95 (43.8%). Forty-two percent of male BR patients had post-tuberculosis history, fifty-six female had post-pneumonia history, . There was no difference between gender and age, dyspnea, heam-optysis, BSI category, radiologic severity using Reiff’s score, microbiological features and bilevel positive airway pressure usage. It is important to consider the gender differences might be effect symptoms, comorbidity, and pulmonary function test results in nonCF BR patients
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