Gender Difference of the Relationship between Arterial Stiffness and Blood Pressure Variability in Participants in Prehypertension.

Yang Lan,Hongyu Wang,Huan Liu,Hongwei Zhao,Jinbo Liu

doi:10.1155/2019/7457385

Abstract

Aim. The association of pressure load with elasticity in vascular system has not been studied fully. We proposed a hypothesis whether gender could modify the association of blood pressure variability (BPV) and arterial stiffness assessed by carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (CF-PWV) in prehypertensive patients. Methods. 24h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (24h-ABPM) and CF-PWV were measured in 723 participants with prehypertension. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses of these clinical and biological parameters were performed in total population, male and female. Results. A total of 723 participants (mean age 59.76 ± 12.37years, male 329 and female 394) were enrolled into the study. Compared with female, body mass index (BMI), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), uric acid (UA), and homocysteine (HCY) were significantly higher (all p < 0.05). Arterial stiffness (CF-PWV, male versus female, 10.89 ± 2.50 versus 10.33 ± 2.13 m/s, p=0.004) and BPVs (male versus female, 24 h SBPV 13.2 ± 5.11 versus 13.03 ± 5.20; 24 h DBPV 10.34 ± 3.87 versus 9.64 ± 3.59; N SBPV 11.90 ± 6.60 versus 10.94 ± 4.79; N DBPV 9.64 ± 5.87 versus 8.20 ± 4.48, all p<0.05) were higher in male. Multivariable linear regression analysis showed that 24 h BPV were linearly and positively related to CF-PWV in total population (24h SBPV, B=0.033; 24 h DBPV, B=0.035, both P<0.05) and female (24h SBPV, B=0.041; 24h DBPV, B=0.067, both P<0.05) independent of traditional risk factors and medications. Conclusion. BPV was independently associated with arterial stiffness in total population and the relation was modified by gender. 24 h BPVs in prehypertensive patients were useful to identify the early arterial stiffness. Clinical Trials Registration. This trial was registered with Clinical Trials.gov Identifier: NCT02569268.

Highlights

Prehypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure (SBP) of 120–139 mmHg and/or a diastolic blood pressure (DBP) of 80–89 mmHg, and the prevalence of prehypertension was increased in the decades [1]
Our researchers further analyzed the relationship between carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (CF-PWV) and Blood pressure variability (BPV)
We performed the analysis of the interaction between gender, BP, and BPV; it showed that gender difference may affect the relationship between 24 h

Summary

Introduction

Prehypertension was defined as SBP of 120–139 mmHg and/or a DBP of 80–89 mmHg, and the prevalence of prehypertension was increased in the decades [1]. Previous study indicated that short-term variability of 24-hour SBP showed an independent and moderate relation to aortic stiffness in hypertension [7]. BPV, most widely used to assess the fluctuations of blood pressure, were standard deviation (SD) of both the systolic blood pressure (SBP) and the diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in 24-hour ambulatory BP recordings [8], the SD did not reflect the steepness or rapidity in hypertensive individuals [9]. A meta-analysis showed that, for every 10-20 mmHg increased in SBP and DBP, the risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality was increased twofold, even in a normal levels of BP (115/75 mm Hg) [14]

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Discussion

Conclusion