Gender Difference in the Relationship of Albuminuria and Arterial Stiffness in Chinese Adults - a 6.6-Year Follow-Up Longitudinal Study

Abstract

Background/Aims: Brachial–ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) reflects the stiffness of muscular arteries. Albuminuria is recognized as a marker of vascular dysfunction. We assessed the association between arterial stiffness and albuminuria in a population-based longitudinal study. Methods: 1116 adults aged ≥ 40 years in the Taichung Community Health Study (TCHS) in 2004 attended a follow-up visit in 2011. Albuminuria was defined as an urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) ≥ 30 mg/g. Arterial stiffness was defined as BaPWV ≥ 1540 cm/sec in males and BaPWV ≥ 1480 cm/sec in females, respectively. ∆baPWV was calculated as baPWV at follow-up minus baPWV at baseline, while ∆UACR was calculated as UACR at follow-up minus UACR at baseline. Multiple linear and logistic regression analyses were used to explore the relationship between albuminuria and arterial stiffness. Results: Among 652 subjects without arterial stiffness at baseline, 209 (32%) subjects developed incident arterial stiffness after an average of 6.6 years. In male subjects, baseline albuminuria was associated with development of arterial stiffness (odds ratio: 4.47, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.04–19.31) and ∆baPWV was modestly positively associated with ∆UACR. Conclusion: Our results indicated that male adults with albuminuria had an increased risk for developing arterial stiffness.