Abstract
BackgroundThough HIV/AIDS has multidimensional consequences on quality of life, there is a gap in measuring and monitoring health related quality of life of HIV/AIDS patients. Hence, this study intended to measure health related quality of life domains and associated determinants among people living with HIV/AIDS in western Ethiopia.MethodsA comparative cross-sectional study was conducted among 520 HIV/AIDS patients on anti-retroviral therapy in public health facilities in West Shoa Zone, Western Ethiopia from April to May, 2016. Participants were selected using simple random sampling method. Quality of life was measured using WHOQOL-HIV BREF and depression was assessed using Beck Depression Inventory, Second Edition (BDI-II). Data were analyzed using SPSS version 22. An independent sample t-test was used to compare quality of life domains between men and women and logistic regression analysis was used to determine independent predictors.ResultsFemales had significantly lower quality of life in physical, psychological, independence and environmental domains as compared with males except social relationship and spiritual domains. Depressed HIV patients had significantly lower quality of life in all domains as compared with HIV infected patients without depression in both genders. Malnutrition and anemia were significantly associated with poor physical, psychological, independence and environmental domains. Anemic women had 1.9 times lower independence quality of life compared with women who had no anemia (AOR = 1.9, 95%CI: 1.4, 3.5). Tuberculosis was also predictor of physical, psychological, independence and social domains in both genders. TB/HIV co-infected females had 2.0 times poorer environmental health compared to only HIV infected females (AOR = 2.0, 95%CI: 1.2, 3.5). Family support, education and occupation were also independent significant predictors of QOL domains in both genders. In females, residence was significantly associated with independence (AOR = 1.8, 95%CI: 1.2–3.8) and environmental (AOR = 1.5, 95%CI: 1.1–3.2) domains.ConclusionsFemales had significantly lower quality of life compared with males. The findings indicted poor socio-economic status and co-infections significantly associated with poor quality of life among HIV/AIDS patients. So, due emphasis should be given to improve socio-economic status and enhance integrated early detection and management of malnutrition, depression, tuberculosis and anemia among HIV/AIDS patients in Ethiopia.
Highlights
Though HIV/Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) has multidimensional consequences on quality of life, there is a gap in measuring and monitoring health related quality of life of HIV/AIDS patients
This study indicated that illiterate individuals had significantly lower Quality of life (QOL) in independence, social and environmental domains compared with literate counter parts
Another study conducted in northern Ethiopia reported illiterate People living with HIV/ AIDS had lower physical and social domains of quality of life [22]
Summary
Though HIV/AIDS has multidimensional consequences on quality of life, there is a gap in measuring and monitoring health related quality of life of HIV/AIDS patients. This study intended to measure health related quality of life domains and associated determinants among people living with HIV/AIDS in western Ethiopia. HIV/AIDS remains one of the most common public health problem in developing countries like Ethiopia [1]. According to global burden of diseases report, HIV/ AIDS accounted for 1.1 million deaths in the world in 2016. HIV/AIDS has been a major cause of morbidity and mortality in resource-poor settings, especially in subSaharan Africa where around 25 million people were living with HIV [1]. Ethiopia is among the countries most heavily affected by HIV/AIDS which poses threat to the country’s overall development. AIDS accounted for an estimated 34% of young adult deaths and 632,670 orphanages in the country [4]. In the study area (West Shewa zone) 18,642 people were living with HIV/AIDs(PLWHA) in 2016
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