Gender characteristics of the prevalence of noncommunicable diseases in the adult population of the Vladimir region

Abstract

Aim. To assess the prevalence of major noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) taking into account gender characteristics in a random sample of adults in 5 cities of the Vladimir region.Material and methods. This cross-sectional population-based study (May 2018 — March 2020) included 1350 people (men and women aged 30-69 years) from 5 cities of the Vladimir region. The response rate was 87%. A total of 1174 people completed the study. Of these, 424 (36,1%) were men and 750 (63,9%) women. Respondents were surveyed using a standard questionnaire prepared by the National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, which included socio-demographic characteristics, behavioral risk factors, data on somatic diseases and medications taken.Results. The prevalence of coronary artery disease among men was 14,1%, among women — 9,5% (p=0,016). In men, the second most common disease is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which was 2,5 times more common than in women — 10,6 and 4,5%, respectively (p=0,001). Among women, the second most common disease was type 2 diabetes (T2D), accounting for 7,6%. Cerebrovascular diseases occupy fourth place in the NCD structure. Their prevalence was 6,1% among men and 4,4% among women. Cancer diseases were less common than other chronic diseases without sex differences — 2,8 and 3,1%, respectively. In certain cities, the prevalence of NCDs varied. Every third man and fourth women had a positive family history for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) (p=0,005). About 20% of men reported a positive family history for COPD, while among women this figure was 2 times lower (p=0,001). Men and women were comparable in terms a family history for T2D — 10,4 and 12,5%, respectively. A positive family history for tumors of various locations was recorded in ~5%.Conclusion. In the adult working-age population of the Vladimir region, atherosclerosis-related CVDs was identified in 17% of cases. The incidence of T2D and COPD in the adult population was approximately the same and amounted to >7%. The prevalence of cancer was 3%. Sex differences were identified in the prevalence of coronary artery disease and COPD.