Abstract
Amidst the huge migration of the males tough working and living working conditions, the females of the Hill Rural regions of Uttarakhand largely share the burden of the economy of these regions. Many studies depict that female participation is decreasing in the rural areas. Amidst the low declining work force participation of women in India, a few changing patterns can be observed. The first is a shift away from agriculture over the last decade 1999-2000 to 2011-12, and the second is the gain in education of regular employment even during the period 2004-2012, when the overall work force participation rates are declining. The study of the workers participation in Uttarakhand state as per 2011 census shows that female work participation rate is 26.7 percent, which has decreased from the year 2001 when it was 27.3 percent and the same is noticed in the rural areas of the state. The present study conducted in the rural region of Uttarakhand do not totally corroborate these facts and indicates that female work participation in agriculture which is largely carried out for meeting the subsistence level of household demand is still higher under various conditions. The comparison of male-female participation in pre and Post harvest agricultural activities reflect the fact that even after higher rate of participation of females in agriculture, males have larger role in key agriculture activities that require decision making (Ploughing, selection of seeds, and spraying of chemical fertilizers-Pre-harvest; Marketing- post harvest). The overall analysis of the male-female participation in pre and post harvest activities clearly shows that females have higher participation rate in agriculture than males. The study further highlights the factors which lead towards higher preference for female agriculture labour and hence deals with their higher participation rate in agriculture activities in these regions.
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