Abstract
This study was aimed to evaluate the facial dimensions and their relation with gender and stature in the Iranian southwest population. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 300 southwest Iranian cases age 20-50 years (150 males and 150 females). Studied variables through physical anthropometry in both genders were Upper facial height (UFH), Total facial height (TFH), Facial Height (FH), Facial Width (FW), and intercanthal width (IC) using a standard sliding caliper and Collis. Regarding the sex and age of the individuals, general descriptive analysis of facial dimensions was determined. All measurements, except TFH and FH, were different between men and women (p≤ 0.01). In male subjects, the Pearson’s correlation coefficient (r) revealed that IC (0.72 ⃰ ⃰ ), FW (0.58 ⃰ ⃰ ) and UFH (0.18 ⃰⃰ ⃰ ) parameters had a positive correlation with stature. In the female group, none of the facial parameters had a significant correlation with stature. Regarding the value of each facial diameter in discriminating male and female stature and gender, the highest discriminative value was specified to the FW (cutoff: 11.89, sensitivity: 89%, specificity: 11%) and IC (cutoff: 2.26, sensitivity: 98%, specificity: 0.04%) respectively. This study showed a significant association of some facial measurements with stature and gender in the southwest Iranian population. IC and FW had the most diagnostic value for gender and stature definition. It is shown a useful reference for the adult southwest Iranian population for facial recognition and that the subject’s sex should be considered during body identification procedures.
Highlights
Anthropometry involves quantitative measurements of muscle, bone, and adipose tissue to evaluate the composition of the body[1]
Various methods have been evolved for live human identification, including fingerprints, DNA profiling, retina scan, facial features, and many others[5]
Variables studied through physical anthropometry in both the genders were Total facial height (TFH): Nasion to Menton(Me)linear distance, Upper facial height (UFH): distance from Nasion to Prosthion, Facial height (FH): Anterior nasal spine and Menton(Me) point linear distance, Facial width (FW): distance between the left and right zygonand intercanthal width (IC) distance between medial canthi of the eye
Summary
Anthropometry involves quantitative measurements of muscle, bone, and adipose tissue to evaluate the composition of the body[1]. Anthropometric data are demanding to provide information about body dimension, human profile estimation, Medical anthropology, malnutrition, criminology, and forensic anthropology[2,3]. Various methods have been evolved for live human identification, including fingerprints, DNA profiling, retina scan, facial features, and many others[5]. Body identification can be achieved based on anthropometric data, skin analysis, dental records, and genetics. The principal elements of anthropometry are gender, height, and age estimate in physical examination[6]. These elements reveal proportional biological ratios with different body segments which varies between different racial groups[7,8,9,10]
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