Abstract
Insomnia and the inability to sleep affect people’s health and well-being. However, its systematic estimates of prevalence and distribution in the general population in China are still lacking. A population-based cluster sampling survey was conducted in the rural and urban areas of Hunan, China. Subjects (n = 26,851) were sampled from the general population, with a follow-up using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) for interview to assess quality of sleep and Insomnia (PSQI score >5). While the overall prevalence of insomnia was 26.6%, and little difference was found between males (26.3%) and females (27.0%); the mean PSQI score was 4.26 (±2.67), and significant higher in females (4.32 ± 2.70) than males (4.21 ± 2.64, p = 0.003). Individuals in the rural areas tended to report a higher PSQI score (4.45 ± 2.81) than urban residents did (4.18 ± 2.60) (p < 0.001) and the estimates of prevalence of insomnia was 29.4% in the rural areas, significant higher than 25.5% in the urban areas (p < 0.001). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that female gender, older age, higher level of education, being unmarried, living in the rural area, cigarette smoking and alcohol drinking were associated with insomnia. Our study may provide important information for general and mental health research.
Highlights
Sleep is an important physiological process that affects health and well-being and the experience of proper sleep varies across individuals
Males tended to have a higher level of education, Body Mass Index (BMI), personal income, as well as were more likely to be employed, married, urban residents, and overwhelmingly more likely to smoke cigarettes and drink alcohol (Table 1)
After the exclusion of individuals with missing information on demographics and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), 25,827 participants were included in the final analysis of sleep quality and poor sleeping
Summary
Sleep is an important physiological process that affects health and well-being and the experience of proper sleep varies across individuals. Proper sleep may not be completely assessed by a single dimension such as duration, but have to be considered as a multi-dimensional construct Such measurement considerations can influence both prevalence estimates and examining the association of sleep disturbances with health outcomes. The most widely used standardized measure is the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), which is designed to differentiate between “good” sleepers and “poor” sleepers and to identify subgroups of poor sleepers[1]. As such, it permits a comprehensive assessment of sleep. A robust population-based estimates of sleep disturbances and insomnia are scarce in the general populations of mainland China; and little had been known about the differences in sleep quality by gender and residential location
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