Abstract
Recent international emphasis has been placed on closing persistent gender gaps in education. In this article we explore current gender gaps in educational outcomes, focusing on students' experiences in developed countries. We then investigate potential causes of the gender gaps, focusing on differences in cognitive and socioemotional skills, socialization, gender stereotypes, and interest. Next, we discuss societal responses to the gender gaps, including movements focused on girls being shortchanged, boys being in crisis, gender differentiated and segregated learning approaches, and attempts to ameliorate gender gaps by reducing the focus on gender. Finally, we end with suggestions for future work.
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