Gender and Age Distribution of Thyroid Nodules using Imaging Diagnostic and Management Modalities in Albania; Our data

doi:10.7176/alst/92-04

Abstract

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate gender and age distribution and the importance of imaging modalities in the evaluation and management of thyroid nodular disease in Albania nowadays. Material and method: The study analyzed the results of 310 patients (N=257 women; N=53 men), assessed at U. O. Clinic, American Hospital and Hygiea Hospital, Tirana, Albania during one year period; May 2015 – May 2016. The average age in the sample was 45.6 years. Thyroid nodules were found in 221 cases (185 females and 36 males). The patients had a standard ultrasound (US) of the thyroid; scintigraphy (SC) and ultrasound-guide fine needle aspiration biopsy (US-FNAB) when indicated. Results: The study shows that nodular disease of the thyroid was found in 84 % of women patients, and in 16 % of men patients. The largest presence of nodules was at the age group of 41-49 years. Moreover, this survey showed that ultrasound can help to distinguish nodules that are definitely benign and those with suspicious features that may require further investigation under FNAB. Some statistically significant connections were found between ultrasound characteristics and FNAB. Conclusion: Females were vast majority of patients as in regards of gender with 84 % of total sample population in the study of 310 subjects. And group age of 41-49 years old were more affected. Ultrasound and other imaging modalities are reliable methods for diagnosis and management of thyroid nodules, including patients' selection to undergo through FNAB. SC was indicated to evaluate the functional features of a nodule, especially in the presence of a low TSH value. In Albania these modalities are now used by many trained medical staff thus offering quality medical service to our patients over all. Keywords: Thyroid nodule, malignant, ultrasound, FNAB DOI: 10.7176/ALST/92-04 Publication date: February 28 th 2022

Highlights

According American Thyroid Association (ATA) thyroid nodule is defined as a discrete lesion within the thyroid gland that seems to be a frequent finding in clinical practice
According to well-established guidelines, thyroid nodules with suspicious sonographic features require the use of fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) to exclude malignancy
The aim of this study is to describe the distribution of thyroid nodules according to age, gender and to evaluate the important role of imaging modalities especially ultrasound, in the diagnosis of thyroid nodules

Summary

Introduction

According American Thyroid Association (ATA) thyroid nodule is defined as a discrete lesion within the thyroid gland that seems to be a frequent finding in clinical practice. They are more common in females and their prevalence increase with age and reduced iodine intake.[1,2,3]. According to well-established guidelines, thyroid nodules with suspicious sonographic features require the use of fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) to exclude malignancy. FNAC is a safe and minimally invasive method for the evaluation of thyroid nodules. It can be problematic in patients with multinodular goiter or in those with difficult to access lesions.[7,8,9]

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