Abstract
It is well known that the representatives of a certain gender and age groups are distinguished by various perceptions of the world, evaluation of the objective reality events as well as by operating facts as reliable. The purpose of the research is to reveal the speaker’s gender and age characteristics affecting the confidence level in reliability of facts provided and as such the epistemic modal markers (modal words and modal verbs) chosen by him or her. To achieve the objective of the research there were used some linguistic methods such as a communicative-pragmatic and the descriptive ones. The illustrative basis consists of the situations expressing the meanings of epistemic possibility and epistemic necessity. Two types of literary characters from two fiction resources (J. Banville «The Sea» and M. Zusak «The Book Thief») were chosen to analyse: a middle-aged man and a teenage girl. The research identifies that the man mostly deals with markers of epistemic possibility if his statement is based on retrospection, intuition, or faith / conjecture (unlike a girl), an assumption (similar to a girl). In case of having a convincing evidence base, the man uses epistemic necessity markers. The girl demonstrates the usage of modal markers of epistemic necessity if her statements are based on faith, desire to benefit or “female logic”. The desire to attract attention of the opposite sex interlocutor is marked by the usage of modal markers of epistemic possibility. It is also worth noting that strong emotions, which are common to a teenage girl rather than a mature man, can distort the reliability of the statements. The content of the article is of practical value for the further epistemic modality researches in the field of linguistic pragmatics and sociolinguistics.
Highlights
Linguistics at the modern stage of its development is characterized by the anthropocentric approach, i.e. orientation on the personality of the participant of communication as the creator of the speech product
The shift of the linguistic-centred paradigm to the anthropocentric one did not occur by a chance: the rapid development of pragmatics clearly demonstrates the existence of the human factor, which has a significant impact on the development and functioning of the language; the object of the pragmatics study is the participant of communication who satisfies his or her needs, motives, intentions and carries out certain communicative actions in the context of a communicative situation
Epistemic modality implies the communicative and pragmatic category, which is based on the concept of authenticity, reflecting the speaker’s extent of awareness of the objective reality phenomena
Summary
Linguistics at the modern stage of its development is characterized by the anthropocentric approach, i.e. orientation on the personality of the participant of communication as the creator of the speech product. In the consciousness of a person there exists the refraction of the data coming from outside via the sense organs that is subsequently subject to the logical processing, comprehension, and transmission. It is the linguistic personality who imparts a high, medium or low degree of confidence to the statement, provides the listener with reliable or unreliable information. While interpreting the nature of the epistemic modality certain view point discrepancies among the linguists can be noted (Shakirova et al, 2016). EP indicates the reliability of the proposition in one of the possible worlds while EN does it in all possible worlds
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