Abstract
Despite wide belief that income distributions were unequal among the female and male headed households in southern parts of Ethiopia in general and Soddo-Zuria Woreda in particular, very few studies have been conducted on gender analysis of income distribution on rural area to empirically demonstrate both at regional and national levels. Therefore, this study intended to compute gender roles in crop production, level of income distribution among male headed and female headed households and identify major determinants of income among male headed and female headed households. This study uses data and information collected from of 154 households, of which 94 male headed and 60 female headed. A multistage sampling technique was used to select the households. The study employs Gini coefficient to estimate income distribution; and multiple linear and Quaintiles regression to identify determinants of income level among female-headed households and male-headed households. The key finding of the study is that gender was Significant at 1% probability level and had a positive influence on income. The result of this study reveal that income was more evenly distributed among the male headed households than the female-headed counterparts and participation of female headed households in crop production was less than male headed households. The results also show that annual income of male headed households was higher by 25.4 % than the income of female headed households. By using t-statistics annual income of the total sample households was significantly affected by age of household, farm size, access to credit, technology, extension visit and access to off farm income activities. All significant variables are positively influenced on total income of total sampled households except age and access to credit. Only access credit, technology and off farm income significantly influenced the income of male-headed households. Extension visit, technology and off farm income significantly and positively influenced income of the female-headed households. The findings of this study entail that policy makers should develop the extension system that increases number of extension visits to female headed farmers. Efforts should be made to empower and initiate female headed households through various programs that improve their technology uptake and build their confidence to involve in other business activities and intensify their income. It is also suggested that the issue of rural financial service receive greater attention by government and service providing financial institutions. Keywords : Female-headed households, male-headed households, income distribution, Soddo-Zuria DOI: 10.7176/EJBM/12-31-04 Publication date: November 30 th 2020
Highlights
1.1 Background of the study Most of developing country rural households depend on agriculture as their main source of income and food
The quantile regression will, allow achieve the objective of establishing the relationship between the different household characteristics at the median or other quantile (e.g., 25th, 75th percentile) of the household income. Both methods were applied to identify the determinants of the level and distribution of income between female headed households (FHHs) and male headed households (MHHs) in the study area.In addition to the OLS and quantile regression, the Gini coefficient and General Entropy of Thiel’s indices of inequality were used for the analysis of income inequality within and between FHHs and MHHs
In order to see if the effects of the independent variables on income vary by gender, a standard linear regression was run for both the MHHs and FHHs separately
Summary
1.1 Background of the study Most of developing country rural households depend on agriculture as their main source of income and food. In Ethiopia, over 85% of the population live in the rural areas and depend on subsistence agriculture and generate income from agriculture (Elizabeth, 2011). According to the World Development Indicators of 2006, Ethiopia is one of the least developing countries in the world, with a per capita Gross National Income (GNI) of 110.00 USD (CSA, 2009). In addition to the main reproductive and domestic roles they are ought to play, in study area rural women’ productive role comes from their involvement in direct crop production, livestock rearing, home management activities and marketing of agricultural products and off-farm activities. Women contribute greatly to food security at household and at national levels. Improving women producers’ income implies a multidimensional contribution to the overall growth of the country
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary 
Published Version (
Free)
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
