Abstract
This paper explores gender-affirmative technologies in the contemporary Indian context, drawing on the findings of a qualitative study of medical practice across four Indian cities and an analysis of state documents. It examines terminological protocols and therapeutic crafting as aspects of human technologies that mobilize affects of distress and aspiration to facilitate belongingness to the universalized identity ‘transgender’, a crafting that also enacts an absorption of the hijra figure into the universal category transwoman. It links these technologies to community-building, emergence of behavioural categories and management of bodies and risk developing from the 1990s to the present in India. It explores the medical assemblage, including institutionalized healthcare and extended sites of expert authority, proposing a shift in reading of discrimination as strategies of containment and relocation of self-determination within state language and the clinic today.
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