Gemcitabine drug intercalation with ds-DNA at surface of ds-DNA/Pt–ZnO/SWCNTs/GCE biosensor: A DNA-biosensor for gemcitabine monitoring confirmed by molecular docking study

Abstract

Herein, a facile and highly sensitive electroanalytical tool for monitoring and quantifying the antineoplastic drug gemcitabine in real sample was provided. In this regard, a novel DNA-biosensor based on Pt-doped ZnO decorated single walled carbon nanotubes (Pt–ZnO/SWCNTs) hybrid nanomaterial modification of glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was fabricated. Ds-DNA (Calf Thymus), as a biological recognition element, was decorated onto nanomaterial-modified GCE via layer-by-layer fabrication strategy to attain ultimate biosensor ds-DNA/Pt–ZnO/SWCNTs/GCE. The characterizations confirmed the successful fabrication of hybrid nanomaterial, as well as the modification of electrode surface by fabricated nanomaterial. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) analysis revealed that the nanomaterial modification of GCE surface enhanced the electrical conductivity thanks to the synergistic effects of Pt–ZnO and SWCNTs structures, thereby boosted the electrocatalytic activity of the resultant biosensor. The electrochemical characterization results showed that the suggested biosensor is capable of detecting gemcitabine in a wide concentration range of 0.01–30.0 μM, with a detection limit of 5.0 nM. The intercalation binding mode of Gemcitabine inside guanine and cytosine rich region of DNA receptor was approved by molecular docking study. The results of the experimental data were well congruent with the molecular docking analysis, which showed that the binding mode of gemcitabine drug with ds-DNA was intercalation.