Abstract
Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) seed juice by-product (PSP) was added as reinforcing and antimicrobial agent to fish gelatin (FG) films as a promising eco-friendly active material for food packaging applications. A complete linkage analysis of polysaccharides in PSP showed xylan and cellulose as main components. This residue showed also high total phenolic content and antioxidant activity. Three formulations were processed by adding PSP to FG (0, 10, 30 wt. %) by the casting technique, showing films with 10 wt. % of PSP the best performance. The addition of PSP decreased elongation at break and increased stiffness in the FG films, particularly for 30 wt. % loading. A good compatibility between FG and PSP was observed by SEM. No significant (p < 0.05) differences were obtained for barrier properties to oxygen and water vapour permeability compared to the control with the incorporation of PSP, whereas water resistance considerably increased and transparency values decreased (p < 0.05). High thermal stability of films and inhibition against S. aureus were observed. The addition of PSP at 10 wt. % into FG was shown as a potential strategy to maintain the integrity of the material and protect food against lipid oxidation, reducing huge amounts of pomegranate and fish wastes.
Highlights
Fish gelatin (FG) has been recently proposed as an excellent bio-based and biodegradable matrix in active food packaging, replacing conventional non-biodegradable polymers and other mammalian-based gelatins, increasing its commercial potential for specific groups of consumers, such as vegetarian and kosher food [1]
Higher contents were obtained by Gül and Şen when studying the potential of pomegranate seed flour (PSF) as a functional ingredient in wheat bread [32], reporting values of 10.67% for moisture, 3.21% for ash, and 18.24% for total lipid contents in PSF
This study reported, for the first time, the development and characterization of fish gelatin edible films containing different loadings of Pomegranate seed juice industrial by-product (PSP) residue as reinforcing and antimicrobial agent
Summary
Fish gelatin (FG) has been recently proposed as an excellent bio-based and biodegradable matrix in active food packaging, replacing conventional non-biodegradable polymers and other mammalian-based gelatins, increasing its commercial potential for specific groups of consumers, such as vegetarian and kosher food [1]. Cellulose nanofibers [11], nano-SiO2 particles [12], montmorillonite [13], coconut husk [14], or chitosan nanoparticles [15] have been proposed as reinforcing agents in FG matrices. Another interesting approach was recently proposed by using
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