Abstract
Research demonstrated that the application of a multi-speed transmission could improve the dynamic and economic performance of electric vehicles. This paper deals with a novel multi-speed transmission for the electric dump truck (EDT) operating on the structure route (SR), which has a definite starting point and end point without complex traffic conditions. To optimize the gear ratio and shift schedule to reduce energy consumption in such conditions, the mathematical model of the transmission and the dynamic model of the EDT are initially required. Following this, the shift schedule is presented according to the motor efficiency map. After that, the gear ratio optimization is carried out by a particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. Moreover, the proposed EDT is compared with an EDT with a single-speed transmission. The simulation results show that the energy consumption is reduced by 6.1%.
Highlights
Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEV) and Battery Electric Vehicles (BEV) are appropriate substitutes for internal combustion vehicles, as a means of reducing harmful emissions and saving energy
Wu et al [15] combined the solution of an optimal gear ratio and dynamic programming (DP) together; their research, the minimum energy consumption of the whole working cycle is taken as the in their research, the minimum energy consumption of the whole working cycle is taken as the objective function
FTP75, are designed for for passenger cars, whilestandard a small driving part is designed heavy trucks, during which the vehicle passenger cars, while a small part is designed for heavy trucks, during which the vehicle mass is mass is usually constant given that the cycles are established without considering the variation in usually constant given that the cycles are established considering the variation load
Summary
Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEV) and Battery Electric Vehicles (BEV) are appropriate substitutes for internal combustion vehicles, as a means of reducing harmful emissions and saving energy. Presented a way to define the shift schedule of several different drive cycles via the maximum [17] and Morozov et al [18] established the multi-objective optimization model of the two-speed overlapping area offor gear operational points, exhibits strongtherobustness, as the schedule transmission electric delivery step van which in different ways,ataking economic performance and is the compromise of the optimal into operating point under different conditions. Efficiency map ofgears the motor, thesuitable dynamic schedule has as been and train applied planetary are more for shift heavy-duty trucks theproposed epicyclic gear has to thethe EDT advantages of reduction volume, light weight, compact structure and high power density [20,21]. Based on the efficiency map of the motor, the dynamic shift schedule has been proposed and applied results show that the transmission with an optimized gear ratio can improve the energy conversion to the EDT simulation model. The simulation results show that the transmission with an optimized ratio canshift improve thein energy conversion efficiency while maintaining the satisfactory ability.results
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