Abstract
Objective: The present investigation was designed for Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GCMS) based metabolite profiling of Citrus macroptera Montruz. Leaves and peel oils followed by assessment of in vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity.Methods: Essential oil was extracted from leaves and peels of Citrus macroptera Montruz. The oil samples were subjected to GCMS analysis using Shimadzu GCMS-QP2010 equiped with an AOC-2oi auto-injector and AOC-2os autosampler units. In vitro antioxidant activities were evaluated using DPPH radical scavenging, reducing power and nitric oxide reducing method. In vitro anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated using protease inhibitory assay, heat induced haemolysis and albumin denaturation assay.Results: Both the peels and leaves of Citrus macroptera Montruz. Yielded good amount of essential oil. 57 compounds each were identified from leaves as well as peel of C. macroptera. 10 common compounds have been detected in both the oil samples. Peels oil showed IC50 at 118.07 µg/ml and that of leaves showed IC50 at 252.93 µg/ml in DPPH (1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) assay. In reducing assay, peel and leaves oil showed IC50 at 122.5 µg/ml and 208.24 µg/ml. In albumin denaturation, the peels showed IC50 at 73.91 µg/ml and that of leaves showed IC50 at 87.48 µg/ml.Conclusion: The oil yield denotes peel as better source of volatile oil than leaves. Essential oil of peel showed more anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activity than that of leaves essential oil.
Highlights
Oxidative stress is a state of physiological condition, induced by overabundance of oxidants, including reactive oxygen species such as free radicals, oxygen ions and peroxide
Hydrodistillation of the leaves of C. macroptera yielded 1.67 % of essential oil, GC/MS Analysis of the C. macroptera essential oil allowed the identification of 35 compounds accounting for 99.1% of the total composition [25]. 57 compounds each were identified from leaves and peel of C. macroptera
Identified compounds in leaves are presented accounting to 96.79 % of total composition negating the trace amount (
Summary
Oxidative stress is a state of physiological condition, induced by overabundance of oxidants, including reactive oxygen species such as free radicals, oxygen ions and peroxide. The amount of the antioxidants generated in the body might be inadequate, under conditions of oxidative stress or inflammation when free radicals production increases [4]. Adequate amount of antioxidants is required to prevent building up of free radicals and oxidative damage in our body [5]. Inflammation is a biological response to noxious stimuli such as pathogens that cause tissue and cell damage [6]. It is classified as either acute or chronic, depending on whether it involves a short response or a prolonged one, respectively [7]. It should be noted that Melanesian papeda, as well as other variations in several languages (e. g., English, Italian, French, Spanish, Chinese, and Japanese) may apply to varieties of C. macroptera
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