GC-MS analysis, evaluation of phytochemicals, anti-oxidant, thrombolytic and anti-inflammatory activities of &lt;i&gt;Exacum bicolor&lt;/i&gt;

Appaji Mahesh Ashwini,Mala Majumdar,Latha Puttarudrappa,Ravi Kumar

doi:10.3329/bjp.v10i4.23610

Abstract

The aim of the present study was to investigate the GC-MS analysis, phytochemical screening, anti-oxidant, thrombolytic and anti-inflammatory activities of methanol extract of leaves of Exacum bicolor. FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of alcohol, phenols, alkanes, aromatic compounds, aldehyde and ethers. GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of eight phyto-constituents. The total phenol, flavonoid and alkaloid contents were 18.0 ± 0.2 mg/GAE/g, 13.1 ± 0.4 mg QE/g and 108.0 ± 1.2 mg AE/g respectively. The DPPH assay exhibited potent anti-oxidant abilities with IC50 8.8 µg/mL. Significant thrombolytic activity was demonstrated by clot lysis method (45.1 ± 0.8%). The methanol extract showed significant membrane stabilization on human red blood cell with IC50 value of 37.4 µg/mL. There was a significant correlation (R2&gt;0.98) with total phenolic content versus anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. The above results confirmed that E. bicolor could be a promising anti-oxidant, thrombolytic and anti-inflammatory agent.

Highlights

Oxidative stress plays a pivotal role in the development of human diseases (Rajendran et al, 2014)
E. bicolor exhibited characteristic absorption bands at 3436, 2919, 1689, 1604, 1402, 1370, 1239, 1101 and 1080 cm-1. These results of FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of alcohols, phenols, alkanes, amines, aromatic compound, aldehyde and ethers
The Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of phytoconstituents in methanol extract of leaves of E. bicolor revealed the presence of eight major phytoconstituents (Figure 2; Table I)

Summary

Introduction

Oxidative stress plays a pivotal role in the development of human diseases (Rajendran et al, 2014). Antioxidants that can scavenge or neutralise the reactive oxygen species are beneficial in reducing the oxidative stress (Bandyopadhyay et al, 1999). Inflammation is a key factor in all aspects of coronary disease including the initiation and progression of atherosclerotic plaque, plaque rupture, and thrombosis (atherothrombosis) where the oxidative stress is known to play a significant role (Freedman, 2008). Oxidative stress and inflammation are intimately linked with both the evolution of cardiovascular disease and acute coronary syndromes (Pashkow, 2011). Due to short comings present in the synthetic drugs, research has been directed towards the development of herbal medicine which are considered safer due to their natural activity

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