Abstract
Single fluorophore genetically encoded calcium indicators (GECIs) such as GCaMP are widely utilized tools for investigating neuronal activity. Their primary advantage lies in their capacity to provide real-time and highly sensitive responses to fluctuations in intracellular calcium ion concentrations. This characteristic is of significant importance when studying neuronal processes and ensembles, wherein calcium signals play a crucial role in information transmission. This comprehensive review focuses on the GCaMP family, encompassing an analysis of their various types, distinctive features, and potential applications for visualizing neuronal activity. Special attention is dedicated to the ongoing advancements in GCaMP technology, particularly the endeavors to expand their spectral properties and enhance their capability to detect high-frequency spike activity.
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