Abstract
Syzygium aromaticum has a diversity of biological activities due to the chemical compounds found in its plant products such as total phenolic compounds and flavonoids. The present work describes the chemical analysis and antimicrobial, antioxidant, and antitrypanosomal activity of the essential oil of S. aromaticum. Eugenol (53.23%) as the major compound was verified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. S. aromaticum essential oil was more effective against S. aureus (MIC 50 μg/mL) than eugenol (MIC 250 μg/mL). Eugenol presented higher antioxidant activity than S. aromaticum essential oil, with an EC50 of 12.66 and 78.98 µg/mL, respectively. S. aromaticum essential oil and eugenol exhibited Trypanosoma cruzi inhibitory activity, with IC50 of 28.68 ± 1.073 and 31.97 ± 1.061 μg/mL against epimastigotes and IC50 of 64.51 ± 1.658 and 45.73 ± 1.252 μg/mL against intracellular amastigotes, respectively. Both compounds presented low cytotoxicity, with S. aromaticum essential oil displaying 15.5-fold greater selectivity for the parasite than the cells. Nitrite levels in T. cruzi-stimulated cells were reduced by essential oil (47.01%; p = 0.002) and eugenol (48.05%; p = 0.003) treatment. The trypanocidal activity of S. aromaticum essential oil showed that it is reasonable to use it in future research in the search for new therapeutic alternatives for trypanosomiasis.
Highlights
Amanda Mara Teles,1 João Victor Silva-Silva,2 Juan Matheus Pereira Fernandes,2 Ana Lucia Abreu-Silva,3 Katia da Silva Calabrese,2 Nestor Everton Mendes Filho,4 Adenilde Nascimento Mouchrek,4 and Fernando Almeida-Souza 2,3
Activity against intracellular amastigotes showed slightly larger differences in S. aromaticum essential oil and eugenol, with eugenol exhibiting greater activity than essential oil at the highest analyzed concentration (p 0.0286) (Figure 4(b)). Both compounds resulted in a reduction in intracellular amastigote inhibition, with S. aromaticum essential oil displaying a 2.2-fold increase in IC50 value against intracellular amastigotes compared to the IC50 against epimastigote forms
Due to the challenges in the development of new therapeutic agents for Chagas disease, we reported the effect of S. aromaticum essential oil and its major component eugenol on the growth of T. cruzi epimastigotes and intracellular amastigotes
Summary
Amanda Mara Teles, João Victor Silva-Silva, Juan Matheus Pereira Fernandes, Ana Lucia Abreu-Silva, Katia da Silva Calabrese ,2 Nestor Everton Mendes Filho, Adenilde Nascimento Mouchrek, and Fernando Almeida-Souza 2,3. Eugenol presented higher antioxidant activity than S. aromaticum essential oil, with an EC50 of 12.66 and 78.98 μg/mL, respectively. S. aromaticum essential oil and eugenol exhibited Trypanosoma cruzi inhibitory activity, with IC50 of 28.68 ± 1.073 and 31.97 ± 1.061 μg/mL against epimastigotes and IC50 of 64.51 ± 1.658 and 45.73 ± 1.252 μg/mL against intracellular amastigotes, respectively. Both compounds presented low cytotoxicity, with S. aromaticum essential oil displaying 15.5fold greater selectivity for the parasite than the cells. E main chemotype of flower buds essential oil is its major compound, eugenol, a volatile phenylpropanoid widely used in the pharmaceutical industry. Nifurtimox and benznidazole are the only treatments used in patients with Chagas disease, causing about 40% of side effects in adult patients, making treatment adherence difficult [9,10,11]. ere are still cases of strains resistant to these treatments [12]
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