Abstract
The genus Sanchezia (Acanthaceae) comprises neotropical herbs and shrubs with showy flowers. Sanchezia oblonga (syn. S. nobilis) is a shrub of the rainforests of central and south America. The ethanolic extracts of leaves and stems from S. oblonga were analyzed by GC-EI-MS and RPHPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS. Fatty acids (free and esterified) and phytosterols were detected by the former method. Benzyl alcohol glycosides (21 and 25), sinapic acid glycoside esters (29 and 31), ethyl rosmarinate (24), sinapic acid-O-glucoside (28), dihydrosinapic acid-O-glucoside (26), catechin-O-arabinoside (36), in addition to flavonols glycosides (23, 32, 33 and 35) and rosmarinic acid-3’-O-glucoside (34) were detected by RPHPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS. Three new compounds, detected only in leaves, were tentatively identified as phenylpropane glyceride derivatives 1-O-coumaroyl-2-hydroxy propanal (20) and 1-O-coumaroyl-2-O-glycosyl propanal (22, 30). Compounds 20, 22 and 30 from S. oblonga are similar with phenylpropane glycerides present in red sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. (Moench) and Lilium longiflorum Thunb. It is noteworthy that S. oblonga could be used in cooking as a complement after more detailed studies. Sorghum grain foods exhibit potential health benefits against chronic diseases related to over-nutrition. Lilium longiflorum possess flower buds and bulbs that are used for both culinary and medicinal purposes in many parts of the world. Studies on chemical composition and biological activity of the genus Sanchezia are scarce. The presence of phytosterols and flavonol glycosides were recently reported in leaves from this species. However, the chemical profile of the extracts analyzed in this work differs from that previously reported for aerial parts of S. nobilis (sin. S. oblonga). Further studies, including statistical methods, such as principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis will be needed to evaluate chemical markers for this species.
Highlights
Species of Sanchezia Ruiz & Pav. (Acanthaceae) are neotropical herbs and shrubs
The ethanolic extracts of leaves and stems from S. oblonga were analyzed by GC-EI-mass spectrum (MS) and RPHPLC-DAD-electrospray ionization interface (ESI)-MS/MS
Fourier transform infrared spectrometry is used for analysis, because it represents a non-invasive analytical tool allowing a fast and simultaneous qualitative and quantitative characterization of natural products and their constituents
Summary
Several species of Sanchezia, such as S. parvibracteata, S. nobilis and S. speciosa, are cultivated as ornamentals in tropical areas and botanical gardens due to their showy leaves and conspicuous bright and colorful flowers. This genus was revised by Leonard and Smith (1964); among 58 species, over half were newly described (Tripp and Koenemann, 2015). There are few reports on chemical constituents and pharmacological activity of Sanchezia species. S. speciosa contains cardiac and flavonoid glycosides and their extracts exhibited antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities (Bui Thanh et al, 2017). Extracts of the same species exerted cytotoxicity in human epithelial cervical cancer cell lines (Shaheen et al, 2017, Parvin et al, 2015)
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