Abstract
Two medicinal plants, <i>Feretia apodanthera</i> and <i>Ozoroa insignis</i>, used in west African folk medicine to treat infectious diseases, were investigated for their antibacterial potential and their biocidal components. Two extractions were processed in water and aqueous-acetone (70%) and further fractionated by column-chromatography. Both extracts and fractions exhibited selective activity against human pathogenic bacteria as assayed by disc diffusion and microdilution methods. The aqueous-acetone extract of <i>F. apodanthera</i> was active against all the Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria (d ≥ 8 mm; MIC ≤ 2.5 mg/ml) while the same extract from <i>O. insignis</i> got markedly activity on Gram-negative bacteria <i>E. coli</i> and <i>K. pneumonia</i> (d ≥ 11 mm). However, the fractions (20µg) of both two plant species were selectively more active on Gram-negative bacteria (d ≥ 11 mm). Tetramethyl silicate, trifluoroamine oxide and neophytadiene were identified by GC-MS as the main volatile compounds present that enhance the antibacterial effects in synergy with others.
Highlights
Microorganisms including bacteria are responsible for various infections in humans, animals and plants
The present study aims to determine the antibacterial effect of Feretia apodanthera and Ozoroa insignis extracts and fractions along with the identification of their volatile components involved in the antibacterial activity
The antimicrobial potential of the two selected plant species was assayed on five bacterial strains
Summary
Microorganisms including bacteria are responsible for various infections in humans, animals and plants. Because of mutations of bacterial genome due to multiple factors (misuse, over-prescription and abuse of antibiotics), bacteria have developed resistance to number of available antibiotics. The current rates of resistance and crossresistance development to all available classes of antibiotics agents urged the search for new antimicrobial substances with different mechanisms of action. For this purpose, natural products are getting greater interest and a lot of research are targeting medicinal plants as sources of antimicrobial drugs [2]
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