Gaussian Harris Hawks Optimizer (GHHO) Based Cluster Head Selection (CHS) And Enhanced Energy Harvesting Clustering (EEHC) Protocol for WSN

Abstract

Designing routing protocols for Energy Harvesting- Wireless Sensor Network (EH-WSN) has two key challenges like improving harvested energy utilization and examination harvested energy utilization. However, the clustering and routing phases of the clustering-based routing protocols employed in EH-WSN need a lot of message overhead. Cluster Head Selection (CHS) is a crucial component of clustering that improves energy efficiency. An Enhanced Energy Harvesting Clustering (EEHC) protocol with two phases for cluster setup and data transmission is presented in this research. Sensor nodes are grouped into clusters during cluster construction, and CHS using the Gaussian Harris Hawks Optimizer (GHHO) algorithm is used for data transmission. Hawks chasing behaviours serve as the search agent in the GHHO algorithm, while prey serves as the ideal CH position. Data from each cluster node is collected by CHS, which then sends the aggregated data to the base station. Following CHS, connecting Cluster Member (CM) to a suitable CH is done using a variety of factors like energy, distance to neighbours, distance to the Base Station (BS), node density, and Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR). Each CM awakens during its designated working time slot during the DT stage, and transfers the data it has gathered towards the CH of the same cluster. A mobile sink is employed to enhance network performance and relay transmission distance is changed to match the amount of gathered energy. Residual Energy (RE), Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR), Packet Loss Ratio (PLR), Network Lifetime, and average delay are metrics used to measure the results of clustering methods.