Gaussian beam propagation beyond the paraxial approximation

Abstract

The propagation of a Gaussian beam in a homogeneous, isotropic, local, linear, and nonmagnetic dielectric medium is studied using the angular spectrum representation for the electric field. The electric field associated with the Gaussian beam inside the dielectric medium consists of the paraxial result and higher-order non-Gaussian correction terms. It is shown that the second-order correction term satisfies an equation consistent with the recent work of Lax, Louisell, and McKnight. Numerical results showing the corrections to the paraxial approximation are presented.