Abstract
It is shown that the gauge boson mass is natu-rally generated–without Higgs–in the pion beta decay using the scalar strong interaction had-ron theory. This mass generation is made pos-sible by the presence of relative time between quarks in the pion in a fully Lorentz covariant formalism.
Highlights
It is shown that the gauge boson mass is naturally generated–without Higgs–in the pion beta decay using the scalar strong interaction hadron theory
Eqs.1-3 have been rather successfully applied to confinement and meson spectra [5] and some basic meson decays [6,7,8,9]
The justification is that the energies involved are low so that field-theoretical effects such as vacuum polarization are small, just like that analogous effects are small in QED at low energies
Summary
The superscript in Eq. denotes hermitian conjugation. Lorentz and gauge invariance of Eqs. has been established in [2,3]. Variation of Eq. with respect to and , with boundary conditions specified in [12], yields
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