Abstract
The theme of the article is framed in one of the main areas of modern linguistic research- a historical-cultural approach in the semantic studies of the lexicon. The national varieties of the Spanish language, given their undoubted unity, present distinctive characteristics, rooted in the distant historical past and, nevertheless, the chronotopic factors continue determining the semantic destinies of the words coming, etymologically, from the same roots. Gaucho and huaso, having developed from the same original sources, came to denote similar figures of rural life in Argentina and Chile, respectively. But the evaluative components, the use and, even, the graph, have been modified with the passage of time, and the voices continue their divergent course, despite the fact that globalization and market laws force them to play image roles in order to sell the “country brand” better.
Highlights
the chronotopic factors continue determining the semantic destinies of the words coming
el enfoque histórico-cultural en los estudios semánticos del léxico
No podemos menos de admitir que el huaso chileno sigue estigmatizado por algunas connotaciones negativas en la zona metropolitana
Summary
El tema del artículo se enmarca en una de las principales corrientes lingüísticas de este siglo, que es el enfoque histórico-cultural en los estudios semánticos del léxico. Las variedades nacionales de la lengua española, dada su indudable unidad, presentan características distintivas, cuyas raíces se remontan a épocas lejanas y, sin embargo, los factores cronotópicos siguen determinando los destinos semánticos de las palabras provenientes, etimológicamente, de las mismas raíces. El uso e, incluso, la grafía, han ido modificándose con el correr de los tiempos, y las voces siguen su rumbo divergente, pese a que la globalización y las leyes de mercado los obligan a desempeñar papeles de imagen para vender mejor la “marca país”. Palabras clave: variedad nacional, linguoculturología, concepto, etimología, composición semántica, mundivisión, personalidad lingüística, factor cronotópico, chilenidad, argentinidad
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