Abstract
The ability to integrate graphene into metasurface devices has attracted enormous interest as a means of achieving dynamic electrical control of their electromagnetic response. In this manuscript, we experimentally demonstrate a graphene-integrated metasurface modulator that establishes the potential to actively control the amplitude and phase of mid-infrared light with high modulation depth and speed, in good agreement with simulation results. Our simulations also show it is possible to construct a reconfigurable surface with tunable phase profile by incorporating graphene-integrated metasurface modulators with specific geometric parameters. This reconfigurable surface is able to manipulate the orientation of the wave reflected from it, achieving a high-speed, switchable beam steering reflective interface. The results here could inspire research on dynamic reflective display and holograms.
Highlights
Metasurfaces, planar metamaterials with a subwavelength thickness, enable the design of innovative, compact electromagnetic wave components with multiple functionalities due to the extraordinary values of permittivity or permeability that can be achieved [1,2,3,4]
Modulators based on electrically controlled liquid crystal (LC) [16] or thermal controlled vanadium dioxide (VO2) [17] suffer from slow modulation speed, while others based on semiconductor quantum wells require precise control on material growth and temperature [18]
The measured resistance has a maximum when the gate voltage, Vg ≈60 V corresponding to the charge neutral point (CNP)
Summary
Metasurfaces, planar metamaterials with a subwavelength thickness, enable the design of innovative, compact electromagnetic wave components with multiple functionalities due to the extraordinary values of permittivity or permeability that can be achieved [1,2,3,4]. In both cases, the measured resistance has a maximum when the gate voltage, Vg ≈60 V corresponding to the charge neutral point (CNP).
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