Abstract
Myrtus communis L. essential oil (EO), mainly composed of myrtenyl acetate (30.6%), linalool (14.9%), α-pinene (11.10%) and 1,8-cineole or eucalyptol (9.9%), was microencapsulated with maltodextrin by emulsification and spray-drying, reaching a yield and efficiency of 43.7 and 48.7%, respectively. The microencapsulated myrtle EO (MMEO) was then evaluated regarding its gastroprotective activity in a model of ethanol/HCl-induced acute gastric ulcer in Wistar rats. Pretreatment with MMEO induced a remarkable inhibition of gastric lesions and acidity, correlated to high healing and protection percentages. Moreover, it exerted a potent anti-inflammatory effect on the gastric mucosa, counteracting EtOH-induced gastric lipoperoxidation and preventing the depletion of the antioxidant enzyme activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). Taken together, the gastroprotective action of encapsulated MMEO may be multi-factorial, and ascribable, at least in parts, to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.
Highlights
Gastric ulcers are part of a chronic, recurring disease, affecting a high number of people in the world and considered the new “plague of the 21st century” [1]
We evaluated the gastroprotective effect of microencapsulated myrtle essential oil (MMEO) against ethanol/hydrogen chloride (EtOH-HCl)-induced acute gastric lesions in rats
0.66; r = 0.69) and methyl eugenol (r = 0.60; r = 0.51; r = 0.55) with the gastroprotective eugenol (r = 0.60; r = 0.51; r = 0.55) with the gastroprotective effect, which authenticate effect, which authenticate their role in scraping ulcer disease. These findings demonstrate their role in scraping ulcer disease. These findings demonstrate that the gastroprotection of that the gastroprotection of microencapsulated myrtle EO (MMEO) appears to be related to its multi-factorial actions
Summary
Gastric ulcers are part of a chronic, recurring disease, affecting a high number of people in the world and considered the new “plague of the 21st century” [1]. Regarding the risk of developing gastric cancer, there may be a relationship between time and dose-dependence of using this type of medicine [4] These data emphasize the need to search alternative treatment methods, through the screening of natural products, as prominent sources for the development of new agents with a safe therapeutic window. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) [5], plant bioactive substances are a safe alternative to finding new therapies for the treatment of gastric ulcer due to their accessibility, efficacy and potentially fewer side effects In this context, the protective and curative actions of several monoterpenic compounds such as carvacrol [6], citronellol [7], α-pinene [8], myrtenol [9], α-terpineol [10], eucalyptol [11], limonene [12,13], thymol [14], and β-myrcene [15] have been previously screened in experimental models of gastric ulceration. Several authors have evaluated the potential of essential oils (EOs) and of their derived compounds, aiming at the development of new gastro-protective drugs [16,17]
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