Gastrointestinal Tumors of the Colon and Rectum

Abstract

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) of the colon and rectum are the most common mesenchymal tumors of the gastrointestinal tract. GISTs of the colon and rectum constitute ~5% of all cases. Although colorectal GISTs can be small and found incidentally, the majority appear to be high risk and carry a significant likelihood of recurrent and metastatic disease. Surgery remains the mainstay of treatment for primary disease. There is now considerable interest in GISTs because they can be treated effectively with targeted molecular therapies, specifically tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), such as imatinib mesylate and sunitinib malate. GISTs are best treated by a multidisciplinary team comprised of the surgeon, medical oncologist, pathologist, and radiologist in the initial evaluation, management, and in continued follow-up. Increasing the number of resectable cases through pharmacologic debulking, optimizing the timing of surgery and organ preservation, reducing recurrence and surgical morbidity, prolonging survival, and possibly enhancing response to imatinib through surgical cytoreduction are all potential benefits of multidisciplinary management.