Abstract
Ingredients delivering functional and nutritional benefits are of interest to food manufacturers. Isomaltooligosaccharides (IMOs) which serve as alternate sweeteners fit into this category. IMOs are a mixture of α-(1 → 6) and α-(1 → 4)-linked glucose oligomers, synthesized by an enzymatic reaction from starch (corn, tapioca). The aim of this study was to evaluate the fermentability and glycemic response of IMO in a healthy population. Two randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over human studies were conducted. In the first study (n = 26), participants’ breath hydrogen over 24 h, gastrointestinal tolerance, and glycemic and insulinemic response to BIOLIGOTM IL5040 isomaltooligosaccharide were measured. In another study (n = 10), participants’ two-hour post-prandial glycemic response to BIOLIGOTM IL5040 isomaltooligosaccharide and BIOLIGOTM IL7010 isomaltooligosaccharide was measured compared to dextrose (control). The IMOs differed in the composition of mono and di-saccharide sugars. IMO syrup dose was matched for 50 g of total carbohydrates and was consumed by mixing in water (237 mL/8 oz.). Mean composite gastrointestinal score was not significantly different (p = 0.322) between the control (1.42) and IMO (1.38). Lack of difference in glycemic response (p = 0.662), with no impact on breath hydrogen (24 h; p = 0.319) and intestinal tolerance, demonstrates that IMO is digestible and can be used to replace sugars in product formulations.
Highlights
Global forecasts on obesity and diabetes prevalence are among the top issues of concern, and they have led to increased scrutiny of sugar-sweetened products [1]
Exclusion criteria: Subjects were excluded if they had fasting capillary glucose ≥100 mg/dL at screening; major trauma or a surgical event within 3 months of screening; history of drug or alcohol abuse; have body weight change ≥4.5 kg in the 2 months prior to screening; uncontrolled hypertension; use of antibiotics; symptoms of an active infection; intolerance to any ingredients in the study products; extreme dietary habits; cannot abstain from consuming probiotics; alcohol; smoking, and who are unwilling to comply with the experimental procedures
Eligible participants were tested on separate days and were assigned randomly to either BIOLIGOTM IL5040 IMO, or dextrose (CERELOSE® Dextrose, Ingredion Incorporated, Bridgewater, NJ, USA) mixed in 237 mL (8 oz) of water
Summary
Global forecasts on obesity and diabetes prevalence are among the top issues of concern, and they have led to increased scrutiny of sugar-sweetened products [1]. There is no consistent evidence that added sugars cause weight gain leading to obesity in children and adults, consumer surveys point to the heightened market need for sugar alternatives in full-calorie products [3,4,5]. One such alternative is sugar alcohols (polyols). Fructooligosaccharides are unique in a way providing both nutritional (fiber) and functional (sweetness) benefits when formulated in food and beverages. The physicochemical properties of isomaltooligosaccharides make them highly functional as sweeteners, due to their higher stability in food and beverage formulations, compared to FOS [11]. Two-hour glycemic response to BIOLIGOTM IL5040 and BIOLIGOTM IL7010 IMOs was evaluated
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