Abstract
Background: Vertebrate gut microbiota plays essential roles in host biology, including immune regulation, energy acquisition, vitamin synthesis and disease risk. There are however several other pathogenic microorganisms found in the gut and are transmissible by fecal oral route. About 60% of all human diseases and approximately 75% of emerging infectious diseases are zoonotic. Due to an observed increase in conflicts and interactions between human and nonhuman primates, both are at risk of pathogen transfer and infection. Methods: This study was conducted on 50 captive baboons and 67 wild baboons. Stool samples were collected and cultured and species identification of each isolate was done by the use of Analytical Profile Indexing tool. Results: Species of Gram-positive cocci, Gram-positive and Gram-negative rods were identified, with more isolates being obtained from wild than captive baboon fecal samples. Unlike the Gram-negative rods, the captive baboons harbored more Gram-positive cocci and Gram-positive rods than the wild baboons. Escherichia coli was the most dominant isolate and was collected in more than 50% of the samples from both groups of animals. Of the Gram-positive cocci and Gram-positive rods, Aerococcus viridans, Bacillus cereus and Bacillus firmus were found to be the most common isolates in both groups of animals. Conclusion: Though the wild and captive baboons harbor different gastrointestinal bacteria, similarities do occur. The wild baboons have a richer microbial diversity as compared to the captive baboons.
Highlights
All higher animals are associated with a diverse microbial community that is composed mainly of bacteria
Relation between the gut microbiota and health is being increasingly recognized as it describes interactions between microorganisms with each other, their environment, as well as all other forms of life [1]
It is a dynamic habitat that undergoes constant and rapid changes in its physiological parameters owing to variations including host diet, lifestyle, hygiene or use of antibiotics, all of which affect gut microbial composition [3]
Summary
All higher animals are associated with a diverse microbial community that is composed mainly of bacteria. The gut microbiota influences essential functions including digestion, energy metabolism and inflammation by modulating multiple endocrine, neural and immune pathways of the host, which altogether have an enormous impact on the nutritional and health status of the host [1,2]. Intestinal bacteria provide nutrients to the host through synthesizing essential amino acids and vitamins such as vitamin B9 and B12, while others promote epithelial cell development and thereby aid innate immunity in humans [5]. Vertebrate gut microbiota plays essential roles in host biology, including immune regulation, energy acquisition, vitamin synthesis and disease risk. Results: Species of Gram-positive cocci, Gram-positive and Gram-negative rods were identified, with more isolates being obtained from wild than captive baboon fecal samples. Unlike the Gram-negative rods, the captive baboons harbored more Grampositive cocci and Gram-positive rods than the wild baboons. The wild baboons have a richer microbial diversity as compared to the captive baboons
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