Abstract
The purpose of the study was to analyze the incidence and mortality rates of gastrointestinal cancer, and to provide data on the current state of cancer care for these patients. Material and methods. The crude and age-standardized incidence and mortality rates, median age of patients and increase in absolute number of cases were calculated. Mathematical and statistical methods were used. Results. The number of patients with gastrointestinal cancer continues to grow in Russia. Morphological verification of the diagnosis was 90–95 % for stomach, colon, rectum and esophagus cancers. A low incidence rate was observed for liver cancer (58.1 %) and pancreatic cancer (55 %). From 2010 to 2015, the incidence of stomach cancer decreased by 15.1 % in men and by 12.5 % in women; the incidence of colorectal cancer increased by 2.8 in men and by 4.5 % in women. The cancer mortality rates decreased for most cancers, except for liver cancer and pancreatic cancer (in men). The mortality rates for colorectal cancer and liver cancer in women were stable (7.5 per 100,000 and 2.4 per 100,000, respectively). A comparative analysis of the incidence and mortality rates in the countries of the former USSR, as well as in various regions of Russia was carried out.
Highlights
The number of patients with gastrointestinal cancer continues to grow in Russia
A low incidence rate was observed for liver cancer (58.1 %) and pancreatic cancer (55 %)
From 2010 to 2015, the incidence of stomach cancer decreased by 15.1 % in men and by 12.5 % in women; the incidence of colorectal cancer increased by 2.8 in men and by 4.5 % in women
Summary
Цель исследования – изучение частоты и динамики показателей заболеваемости и смертности населения от злокачественных новообразований желудочно-кишечного тракта (ЖКТ), а также состояния онкологической помощи этой категории больных. Показатель морфологической верификации диагноза у больных опухолями желудочно-кишечного тракта (ЖКТ) был минимален при раке поджелудочной железы (55,8 %) и печени (58,1 %); при раке желудка, пищевода и колоректальном раке он был на уровне 90,2–94,6 % Максимальной доля рака пищевода в структуре онкологической заболеваемости была в Казахстане (4,7 % у мужчин и 2,9 % у женщин), Кыргызстане (3,9 % и 1,8 %) и Азербайджане (4,9 % и 3,2 %); минимальной – в Армении (0,8 % и 0,4 %) и Беларуси (0,3 %) – у женщин. Стандартизованные показатели заболеваемости раком пищевода в России составили 6,5 на 100 000 мужчин и 1,0 на 100 000 женщин. Основные показатели состояния онкологической помощи больным опухолями желудочно-кишечного тракта в России в 2011–2015 гг
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